Learn Critical Appraisal with Original Paper

[R_cubed]

The guidelines posted here should be a good start.:

Author Checklist

Statistical Problems to Document and to Avoid Checklist for Authors References | Ten Simple Rules | Checklist to Avoid p-Hacking | Research Reliability and Publishing | Guidelines for Reporting of Statistics | Guidelines for Figures and Tables | Statistical Myths | Video | Common Pitfalls This list is not all-inclusive, and nominations for additional entries are welcomed. The list is not meant to imply that a lead author should wait until the end to correct statistical errors, especially w…

This blog post is also important:

Statistical Errors in the Medical Literature – Statistical Thinking

The closest example I can recall that uses actual data is this older paper by Altman and Bland that compared the common changes from baseline to the (correct) ANCOVA method. They show by simple algebra that the changes from baseline inflates \alpha by at least a factor of 2.

https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/102/5/991/4564432?login=true